When does sadness turn into depression? See the signs no one told you about.
Depression is a serious mental disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Despite this, many still struggle to identify the signs of depression or understand when it’s time to seek psychological help. This is partly due to the stigma surrounding mental health, but also to the silent nature of the illness, which can develop subtly.
In this article, you will learn to recognize the main symptoms of depression, understand the risk factors, learn about the different types of depression, and know when to seek professional help.
What is depression?
Depression, also known as major depressive disorder, is a psychiatric condition characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, discouragement, lack of pleasure, and loss of energy. It affects not only mood, but also behavior, sleep, appetite, self-esteem, and the ability to concentrate.
Although we all go through difficult times, the difference is that, in depression, these feelings become chronic and interfere with a person’s daily functioning.
What are the main signs of depression?
The signs of depression can vary from person to person, but there are some classic symptoms that deserve attention:
- Deep and persistent sadness , without apparent reason;
- Loss of interest or pleasure in activities that were previously enjoyable;
- Constant fatigue or lack of energy;
- Changes in sleep patterns , such as insomnia or excessive sleep;
- Changes in appetite , with weight loss or gain;
- Difficulty concentrating and making decisions ;
- Feelings of worthlessness, excessive guilt, or hopelessness ;
- Recurring thoughts of death or suicide .
In addition to these, other symptoms include irritability, social isolation, low self-esteem, and physical pain without an apparent medical cause, such as headaches or body aches.
Clinical example:
A 32-year-old patient sought help after noticing she was frequently missing work, had stopped communicating with friends, and no longer enjoyed playing with her son. Initially, she believed she was just tired. However, a psychological evaluation identified a case of moderate depression.
Types of depression
There are different types of depression, and understanding these variations is essential for a proper diagnosis.
1. Major depressive disorder
It is the most common type, with intense symptoms that last for at least two weeks.
2. Dysthymia (persistent depressive disorder)
This is a chronic and milder form, whose symptoms last for two years or more.
3. Seasonal Depression
It is associated with the changing seasons, especially during autumn and winter, when there is less sun exposure.
4. Postpartum depression
It affects women after childbirth, with symptoms that go beyond the “baby blues,” and can compromise the bond with the baby.
5. Atypical depression
Characterized by symptoms such as increased appetite, excessive sleep, and a feeling of heaviness in the limbs.
Risk factors for depression
Several factors can contribute to the onset of depression. Among the main ones are:
- Family history of mental disorders;
- Traumas in childhood or adulthood;
- Chronic stress (work, relationships, losses);
- Medical conditions (chronic illnesses, persistent pain);
- Chemical imbalances in the brain;
- Substance abuse (alcohol, drugs);
- Social isolation.
When should you seek psychological help?
It’s time to see a psychologist when:
- The symptoms persist for more than two weeks;
- Emotions begin to affect daily routines and performance at work or in studies;
- There is damage to interpersonal relationships;
- The person is no longer able to perform basic activities;
- There are thoughts of self-harm or suicide.
Seeking help should not be seen as a sign of weakness, but as a courageous step towards recovery.
Clinical example:
A 22-year-old man reported feeling “too weak” to get out of bed and avoided any contact with friends. After a suicide attempt, he was referred for psychological treatment and, over time, managed to develop coping strategies with the support of psychotherapy and psychiatry.
How does psychology help in the treatment of depression?
Psychotherapy is one of the most effective forms of treatment for depression. Through therapy with a psychologist, the patient learns to:
- Identify dysfunctional thoughts;
- Understanding the emotional origin of your feelings;
- Develop healthy coping strategies;
- To improve self-esteem and self-confidence;
- Restructure your emotional bonds.
The most commonly used approaches include:
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT);
- Interpersonal Therapy;
- Psychodynamic Therapy;
- Integrative Therapies.
Often, psychological support can be combined with psychiatric evaluation and medication, depending on the severity of the condition.
How can you help someone showing signs of depression?
If you know someone who exhibits the symptoms described, consider these steps:
- Listen without judging;
- Offer support and companionship;
- Encourage people to seek professional help;
- Respect the person’s time and feelings;
- Avoid phrases like “that’s just being dramatic” or “you need to react.”
An empathetic presence can make all the difference in the recovery process.
Conclusion
Recognizing the signs of depression is essential for early intervention and preventing the illness from worsening. When symptoms begin to interfere with daily life, seeking psychological help is crucial. Psychotherapy offers support, attentive listening, and tools to rebuild emotional well-being.
If you or someone close to you is experiencing symptoms of depression, don’t hesitate to seek support. Mental health deserves care and attention just as much as physical health.
