What Is Bipolar Disorder and How Can a Psychologist Help?
Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition marked by intense and recurrent mood changes that go far beyond normal emotional ups and downs. These mood shifts alternate between periods of elevated mood (mania or hypomania) and episodes of depression. When left untreated, bipolar disorder can significantly interfere with relationships, work performance, decision-making, and overall emotional well-being.
In this article, you will better understand what bipolar disorder is, its main symptoms, and how psychological treatment plays a fundamental role in managing the condition and improving quality of life.
What Is Bipolar Disorder?
Bipolar disorder is classified as a mood disorder because it primarily affects emotional regulation. It influences how a person thinks, feels, behaves, and relates to others. Importantly, these mood episodes are not simply reactions to life events; they often occur independently and can last days, weeks, or even months.
Main Types of Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar Disorder Type I
Characterized by at least one manic episode, which may be severe enough to require hospitalization. Depressive episodes are common but not required for diagnosis.
Bipolar Disorder Type II
Involves recurrent depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes, which are less intense than full mania but still disruptive.
Cyclothymia
A milder yet chronic form, involving frequent mood fluctuations that do not meet the full criteria for mania or major depression but persist for years.
Clinical example:
A person experiences weeks of extreme productivity, creativity, and reduced need for sleep, followed by long periods of emotional exhaustion, sadness, and social withdrawal. Although highly functional during elevated phases, their relationships and work suffer due to instability.
Most Common Symptoms
Symptoms vary depending on the phase of the disorder and differ from person to person. However, some patterns are commonly observed.
During the Manic or Hypomanic Phase
Abnormally elevated or irritable mood
Increased energy and restlessness
Rapid or pressured speech
Decreased need for sleep without feeling tired
Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
Impulsive behaviors (excessive spending, risky sexual behavior, reckless decisions)
Example:
A patient suddenly starts multiple projects at once, talks excessively, sleeps only a few hours per night, and makes large financial commitments without considering consequences.
During the Depressive Phase
Persistent sadness or emptiness
Excessive fatigue or lack of energy
Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed
Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
Recurring negative or hopeless thoughts
Example:
The same patient later struggles to get out of bed, avoids social contact, feels incapable at work, and experiences intense self-criticism.
How Can Psychology Help in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder?
Psychological treatment is a key component in the long-term management of bipolar disorder. While medication is often necessary, therapy helps patients develop awareness, stability, and coping skills.
Main Therapeutic Approaches
✅ Psychoeducation
The psychologist helps both the patient and their family understand bipolar disorder, recognize early warning signs, identify triggers, and reduce stigma. This knowledge empowers patients to act before symptoms escalate.
✅ Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
CBT focuses on identifying dysfunctional thought patterns, managing emotional reactions, and developing practical strategies to deal with mood fluctuations. It also helps reduce depressive symptoms and impulsive behaviors during mood elevation.
✅ Emotional regulation and routine building
Psychologists help patients establish healthy routines, including sleep hygiene, structured daily activities, balanced nutrition, and stress management. Stability in routine is especially important for mood regulation.
✅ Support with medication adherence
Although psychologists do not prescribe medication, they play an essential role in supporting adherence to psychiatric treatment, addressing fears, resistance, or misunderstandings about medication use.
Clinical example:
An adult diagnosed with bipolar disorder learned, through therapy, to recognize early signs of mania—such as reduced sleep and racing thoughts—and proactively sought professional support, preventing a full manic episode.
When Should You Seek Help?
If you or someone close to you experiences frequent, intense mood swings that interfere with personal relationships, work, or emotional balance, seeking professional help is essential. Early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach—combining psychology and psychiatry—significantly improve prognosis and quality of life.
Bipolar disorder is a manageable condition. With proper treatment, individuals can lead stable, productive, and fulfilling lives.
