Anxiety disorders in the elderly: causes, treatment, and how psychology can help.

Anxiety disorder in old age is a mental health problem that affects many elderly people, but which, unfortunately, is still underdiagnosed. At this stage of life, physical, emotional, and social changes can increase the risk of developing anxiety symptoms.

In this article, you will understand the causes, the main symptoms, the forms of treatment, and how psychology can help the elderly regain their quality of life.

What are the causes of anxiety in old age?

Anxiety in the elderly can have various origins. Among the main factors, we can highlight:

✔️ Loss and grief: the death of friends, spouses, or family members can generate feelings of loneliness and fear of the future;
✔️ Chronic illnesses: health problems such as diabetes, hypertension, or persistent pain increase emotional stress;
✔️ Changes in routine: retirement and reduced social activities can intensify feelings of uselessness;
✔️ Social isolation: living alone or having little social interaction increases the risk of anxiety;
✔️ Fear of death: the proximity to old age generates existential concerns.

Clinical example: A 72-year-old man began experiencing anxiety attacks after the loss of his wife, presenting with insomnia, sweating, and catastrophic thoughts.

Symptoms of anxiety in old age

The symptoms can be confused with other health problems, which makes diagnosis difficult. The most common are:

• Excessive concern about health;

• Constant fear of accidents or serious illnesses;

• Irritability and nervousness;

• Lack of concentration;

• Insomnia or restless sleep;

• Physical symptoms such as tachycardia, tremors, shortness of breath, and sweating.

Furthermore, many elderly people complain of pain without an apparent physical cause, which may be related to anxiety.

How can psychology help in the treatment of anxiety in old age?

Psychological support is essential for treating anxiety in the elderly . Here are some effective approaches:

1. Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy (CBT)

CBT is one of the most recommended techniques. It helps the elderly identify negative thoughts and develop strategies to reduce anxiety.

Clinical example: A 68-year-old patient who avoided leaving home due to fear of falling was able to safely resume her social activities after therapy.

2. Emotional support therapy

The psychologist offers a space for listening, acceptance, and guidance. This type of approach helps reduce feelings of loneliness and provides emotional support.

3. Relaxation techniques

Breathing exercises, mindfulness, and meditation can be used as a complement to treatment, helping to reduce the physical symptoms of anxiety.

4. Family guidance

Family involvement is crucial. The psychologist can guide family members on how to offer emotional support while respecting the elderly person’s limits and needs.

When should you seek psychological help?

It is important to seek a psychologist when:

• Symptoms of anxiety persist for more than two weeks;

• The elderly person may experience impairment in daily activities;

• If there is a risk of associated depression;

• There are signs of social isolation or recurring negative thoughts.

The sooner intervention occurs, the better the prognosis.

Conclusion

Anxiety in old age is a condition that deserves attention and care. Psychology offers therapeutic resources that help the elderly understand their fears, reduce symptoms, and regain emotional well-being. With the support of qualified professionals and family, it is possible to have a lighter and more balanced life at this stage.

If you know an elderly person who is experiencing these symptoms, encourage them to seek professional help.